Mold Tech

Injection Molded Parts

• 2021-08-13

Injection Molded Parts is plastic parts that are produced through plastic injection molding. It is known that plastic is known to be a very versatile and economical material that is used in many applications. Your computer monitor, mouse and keyboard are the examples of Injection Molded Parts.

Injection molded Parts is created by using an injection molding machine, which works by melting plastic pellets, and injecting them into a mold. Related to the case, designing plastic parts is a complex process, and the manufacturing end of it must be taken into account during the design phase. There are three elements of an injection molded plastic part; the nominal wall, projections, and holes and recesses.

The nominal wall as the first element of injection molded plastics refers to the wall thickness. The wall thickness throughout the part should not vary by more than 10 percents. Varying wall thicknesses in the injection molded plastic parts is one of the main causes of flawed product.

In designing injection molded parts, people usually avoid excessively thick walls, simply because thick walls use more plastic, and are more expensive to produce. However, there is a limit as to how thin the part can be as well. The strength of the part is a function of the thickness, and the final use of the product will determine the desired strength. Some specialized injection molded plastic parts require reinforcement with glass or carbon fibers.

A projection is another element of injection molded parts that projects out of the nominal wall, such as reinforcement ribs. The ribs must not be thicker than the nominal wall, or else sink marks may result.

Recesses and holes are also a major design element of Plastic molding parts. The location of any holes or recesses may significantly affect the part’s overall strength. Trying to create a hole in the side of a part is especially challenging, and the need for side holes should be minimized in the initial design.

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Besides the three elements of injection molded parts mentioned above, another design factor is the corners of the part. How the plastic enters and fills the mold is of great concern. Because melted plastic is a fluid, fluid dynamics will dictate the design as well, to a large extent.

In this case, the plastic molding parts will flow better during injection if corners are rounded. In the other hand, the plastics will pull against a sharp corner during the cooling process, and a flawed part may result. To result in a stronger part that is less likely to crack or break, creating a low stress design with smooth transitions is a must.

There are two types of materials used in injection molded parts: thermoplastics and thermoset plastics. No matter what type of material is used, it is generally supplied in a granular or powdered format. Leftover and scrap materials from thermoplastics can be recycled, while those from thermoset plastics cannot, due to their chemical transformation during the mixing and curing process.

Types of thermoplastic materials used for plastic molding parts include: polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyimide, polypropylene, polyeththylene, and polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Meanwhile, thermoset plastics consist of two or more base materials that are mixed together and then the mixture undergoes a chemical reaction to create a new material. Types of thermoset plastics used in injection molding include epoxy and phenolic.

Injection molding allows manufacturers to produce quality plastic components repeatably in a cost-efficient manner. As a result, injection molded parts are used in nearly every industry, from toys to automobile components.

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